Glossary
Our glossary is your one-stop shop for explaining everything that's important. We will clarify a wide range of terms for you.
2
2G
2nd generation telecommuncation technology; GSM
3
3G
3rd generation telecommuncation technology; UMTS
4
4G
4th generation telecommuncation technology; LTE+
5
5G
5th generation telecommuncation technology; "New Radio"
A
AC
Alternating Current
ADC
Analog-Digital Converter
AMC
Advanced Mezzanine Card, a mezzanine card standard for MTCA and ATCA (www.picmg.org)
AMC.0
AMC base specification by PICMG - defines a mezzanine building block approach for the addition of crucial functionality to a PICMG 3.0 carrier card available from a number of third party suppliers. www.picmg.org
AMC.1
PCIe specification for AMC by PICMG - defines port usage for PCI Express and Advanced Switching environments on AMC.0. www.picmg.org
AMC.2
Ethernet specification for AMC by PICMG - defines port usage for Ethernet on AMC.0. www.picmg.org
AMC.3
Stoarage specification for AMC by PICMG - defines port usage for Fibre Channel, SAS and SATA on AMC.0. www.picmg.org
AMC.4
SRIO specification for AMC by PICMG - defines port usage for Serial RapidIO on AMC.0. www.picmg.org
ANSI
American National Standards Institute (http://www.ansi.org)
API
Application Programming Interface
ARM
Processor Architecture with reduced instruction set
ATCA
Advanced Telecommunication Computing Architecture (PICMG). www.picmg.org
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
B
BDM
Background Debug Mode
BIOS
Basic Input Output System
bit
digital representation of TRUE (1) or FALSE (0)
BM
Backplane Manager
BNC
Bayonet Neill Concelman - Coax Connector
BOA
Board-Mount Optical Assembly
BOM
Bill of Materials
bps
bits per second
Bps
byte (8 bits) per second
BSD
Berkeley Software Distribution, free software license
BSP
Board Support Package
C
CAN
Controller Area Network
CERN
Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire; European Organization for Nuclear Research
CFG
Configuration
CFM
Cubi Feet per Minute
CLI
Command Line Interface
CLK
Clock
CMOS
Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor; techonolgy used for constructing digital logic circuits
COM
Communication Port
COMex
Computer-on-Module Express; highly-integrated computer module for use on a dedicated baseboard
CPLD
Complex Programmable Logic Device
CPRI
Common Public Radio Interface - interface of base stations between the Radio Equipment Controllers (REC) to local or remote radio units, known as Radio Equipment (RE)
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CU
Cooling Unit
D
DAC
Digital-Analog Converter
DBG
Debug
DC
Direct Current
DDI
Dual Display Interface
DDR SDRAM
Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM
DESY
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron;
German national research center
DHCP
Dynamic Houst Configuration Protocol
DIP SW
Dual Inline Package Switch
DMA
Direct memory Access
DRAM
Dynamic RAM
DS1
also: T1; PDH signal – data rate 1.554 Mbit/s; 1st multiplex level of SDH North America
DS3
also: T3; PDH signal – data rate 44.736 MbACit/s; 3rd multiplex level of SDH North America
DSP
Digital Signal Processor
DUART
Dual Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
DVI
Digital Visual Interface
E
e-keying
electronic keying, used in ATCA and MTCA systems, replacing the mechanical keying as used i.e. with cPCI
E1
PDH signal – data rate 2.048 Mbit/s; 1st multiplex level of SDH Europe
E3
PDH signal – data rate 34.368 Mbit/s; 3rd multiplex level of SDH Europe
ECC
Error Correcting Code
ECI
Ethernet Control Interface
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM
EFR
Enhanced Full Rate, audio compression format for wireless applications, based on ACELP
EMC
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI
Electromagnetic Interference
eMMC
Embedded Multimedia Card
EMMC
Enhanced Module Management Controller
eRTM
RTM independent from a front side module; requires LLRF-Backplane
ESD
Electro-Static Discharge
ESSI
Extended Serial SONET/SDH Interface
EtherCAT
Ethernet for Control Automation Technology
F
FCLK
Fabric Clock
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FLASH
Non-Volatile Memory
FLASH
Free Electron LASer - DESY facility
FMC
FPGA Mezzanine Card; I/O mezzanine board for use in combination with an FPGA carrier module
FPGA
Field Programmable Gate Array
FPU
Floating-Point Unit
FRU
Field Replaceable Unit
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
G
GA
Geographic Address
GbE
Gigabit Ethernet
GMII
Gigabit Media Independent Interface
GND
Ground
GPIO
General Purpose Input/Output
GPS
Global Positioning System
GPU
Graphics Processing Unit
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communication; 2G
GTX
Gigabit Transceiver
GUI
Graphical User Interface
H
H.110
Timeslot Interchange Bus
HCSL
High Speed Current Steering Logic
HDD
Hard Disk Drive
HDLC
High-Level Data Link Control
HDMI
High Definition Multimedia Interface
HP
Hot Plug
HPC
High Pincount Connector (FMC modules)
HPI
Hardware Platform Interface
HPM
Hardware Platform Management
HS
Hot Swap
I
I-TDM
Internal TDM, standardized by PICMG SFP.1, defines a multiplexed voice over packet protocol that is optimized for Voice LANs and Packet Backplanes. Refer to www.picmg.org for details.
I/O
Input / Output
I²C
Inter-Integrated Circuit
ID
Identifier
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IP
Internet Protocol
IPMB
Intelligent Platform Management Bus, I²C-Type
IPMB-0
dual-redundant A/B local IPMB
IPMB-L
non-redundant local IPMB
IPMC
IPM Controller, e.g. MCH CPU
IPMI
Intelligent Platform Management Interface
IPsec
Internet Protocol Security
IRQ
Interrupt Request
J
J1
PDH signal – data rate 1.544 Mbit/s; 1st multiplex level of SDH Japan
JRE
Java Runtime Environment
JSM
JTAG Switch Module
JTAG
Joint Test Action Group
L
LAN
Local Area Network
Lane
pair of differential Tx and Rx wires or backplane tracks; related lanes are denoted as 'port'
LED
Light Emitting Diode
LIF
Line Interface
LIU
Line Interface Unit
LLL
Low Latency Links
LLRF
Low Latency Radio Frequency (Backplane), also µRTM-Backplane
LM
Load Module
LO
Local Oscillator
LPC
Low Pincount Connector (FMC modules)
LSB
Least Significant Bit
LTE
Long Term Evaluation; 4G (LTE+)
LUT
Look-up Table
LVDS
Low Voltage Differential Signalling
M
M-LVDS
Multipoint LVDS
M-MIMO
(Massive) Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output; ability to simultaneously receive and transmit data over multiple interfaces
MAC
Media Access Control
MCC
Memory Chip Controller
MCH
MTCA Carrier Hub
MCH-RTM
RTM connected to its dedicated MCH
MCMC
MTCA Carrier Management Controller
MCU
Micro Controller Unit
MEMS
Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
MicroSD-Card
Micro Secure Digital Memory Card
MMC
Module Management Controller
MMU
Module Management Unit
MOS-FET
Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
MPO
also: MTP; Multiple-Fiber Push-On/Pull-off - Optical Fiber Connector
MPSoC
Multiprocessor SoC
MRAM
Magnetoresistive RAM
MSB
Most Significant Bit
MTCA
also MicroTCA or µTCA; Micro Telecommunications Computing Architecture
MTCA.0
MTCA base specification by PICMG - defines a system architecture that uses AMCs plugged directly into a backplane without modifications. www.picmg.org
MTCA.1
Air Cooled Rugged MTCA specification by PICMG - defines Ruggedized version of MTCA for exterior and mobile communications applications. www.picmg.org
MTCA.2
Hardened Air Cooled MTCA by PICMG - Expands the market for MTCA into commercial and military ruggedized applications. www.picmg.org
MTCA.3
Hardened Conduction Cooled MTCA by PICMG - expands the market for MTCA into commercial and military ruggedized applications. www.picmg.org
MTCA.4
MTCA Enhancements for Rear I/O and Precision Timing by PICMG - defines an AMC and a corresponding µRTM module set for rear I/O along with an appropriate MTCA shelf. www.picmg.org
MTP
also: MTO; Multiple-Fiber Push-On/Pull-off - Optical Fiber Connector
MUX
Multiplexer
O
OC12
also: STM4; SDH signal – 622.08 Mbit/s equivalent to STS12
OC3
also: STM1; SDH signal – 155.52 Mbit/s equivalent to STS3
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer
OID
Object Identifier Tree
OLED
Organic LED
OP
Operational Amplifier
OS
Operating System
P
P(T)MC
PCI (Telecom) Mezzanine Card
P2P
Peer-to-Peer
PA
Power Amplification / Amplifier
PAL
Phase Alternating Line – Colour encoding system for analog TV
PCB
Printed Circuit Board
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCIe
PCI Express
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PFC
Power Factor Correction
PHY
Physical Layer Device
PICMG
PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturer Group; www.picmg.org
PIPE
Passive Intelligent Port Extenders
PL
Programmable Logic
PLL
Phase-Locked Loop
PM
Power Module
PMBUS
Power Management Bus
Port
Combination of related lanes
PrAmc
Processor AMC
PS
Processing System
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network
PTM
Precision Timing Module
PTP
Precision Time Protocol
PWM
Pulse-Width Modulation
Q
QDR RAM
Quad Data Rate Static RAM
QoS
Quality of Service
QSPI
Quad SPI
R
R(G)MII
Reduced (Gigabit) Media Independent Interface
R/W
Read / Write
RADAR
RAdio Detection and Ranging
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAM
Random Access Memory
RCW
Reset Configuration Word
RF
Radio Frequency
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computing
RL DRAM
Reduced Latency DRAM
RMCP
Remote Management Control Protocol
RMMC
Rear MMC
RNC
Radio Network Controller
ROM
Read Only Memory
RPM
Rear Power Module
RS232
Two-wire serial interface
RTC
Real Time Clock
RTM
Rear Transition Module
RTP
Real-Time Transport Protocol
RX
Receiver
S
SAS
Serial Attached SCSI
SATA
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDI
Serial Digital Interface
SDR
Software Defined Radio
SDR
Sensor Data Repository
SDRAM
Synchronous Dynamic RAM
SEL
System Event Log
SerDes
Serializer / Deserializer
SFC
Smart Fan Tray Controller
SFP
Small Form-Factor Pluggable
SFP.0
System Fabric base specification by PICMG - defines a consistent method for carrying encapsulated TDM across any ATCA or MTCA transport as well as for PICMG 2.16; www.picmg.org
SFP.1
I-TDM base specification by PICMG - defines an Internal TDM (I-TDM) multiplexed voice over packet protocol that is optimized for Voice LANs and Packet Backplanes, www.picmg.org
SGMII
Serial Gigabit Media Independent Interface
SIM
Subscriber Identity Module
SM
Shelf Manager
SM Bus
System Management Bus
SMA
SubMiniature version A
SMB
SubMiniature version B
SMD
Surface Mounted Device
SMP
Shared Management Power
SMS
System Management Software
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SNTP
(Simple) Network Time Protocol
SoC
System on a Chip; complete computer with PL/PS in one intergrated circuit
SONET
Synchronous Optical Networking
SPI
Serial Peripheral Interface (FLASH)
SRAM
Static RAM
SRIO
Serial Rapid I/O; www.rapidio.org
SSC
Spread Spectrum Clock
SSD
Solid State Drive
SSH
Secure Shell, cryptographic network protocol
STM
Synchronous Transfer Mode
STM1
also: OC3; SDH signal – 155.52 Mbit/s; equivalent to STS3
STM4
also: OC12; SDH signal – 622.08 Mbit/s; equivalent to STS12
T
T1
also: DS1; PDH signal – data rate 1.554 Mbit/s; 1st multiplex level of SDH North America
T3
also: DS3; PDH signal – data rate 44.736 Mbit/s; 3rd multiplex level of SDH North America
TCLK
Telecom Clock
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
TCXO
Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
TDM
Time Division Multiplex
TSI
Time Slot Interchanger
TTL
Transistor-Transistor Logic
TX
Transmitter
U
U-BOOT
Universal Bootloader
UART
Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System; 3G
USB
Universal Serial Bus
V
VAC
Volt Alternating Current
VCOCXO
Voltage Controlled Oven Compensated Crystal Oscillator
VCTCXO
Voltage Controlled Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
VITA
VMEbus International Trade Association; www.vita.com
VLAN
Virtual LAN
VME
Versa Module Eurocard
VoIP
Voice over IP
VPN
Virtual Private Network
VPX
Computer Bus Standard - VME, PCI, eXtents
W
WAN
Wide Area Network
WiFi
Wireless Fidelity - Wireless Network
WR
White Rabbit; Bridged Local Area Network with VLANs (IEEE 802.1Q) that uses Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) to interconnect switches and nodes, and the Precision Time Protocol (PTP, IEEE 1588-2008) to synchronize them.
X
x1 / x4 / x8 / x16
'by 1 / 4 / 8 / 16' - often used to classify the bandwidth of a link in units of used lanes
XAUI
10 GbE (via 4x 3.125 GB/s)
XFEL
X-Ray Free Electron Laser - DESY facility
XMC
Switch Memory Card; direct derivates of PMCs, support a PCI(e) bus structur
xTCA
Family name for ATCA and MTCA